How Should We Then Live? Chapter 8: The Breakdown in Philosophy and Science, Part 1
Plato & Aristotle According to Schaeffer, the breakdown of philosophy and science is a twofold breakdown. Many of his chapters carry duality in them. Chapter 8 is no different. There are several duos to consider. The first is the ongoing discussion of universals and particulars. The other duos I noticed were optimism/pessimism, reason/emotion, Christianity/materialism, and science/philosophy. To review, universals are absolutes existing in reality that give meaning to life and bind particulars into a common purpose. Particulars are the material things of everyday life. In common speech, they are things made out of stuff. In the picture above Plato points up emphasizing his world of forms where universals exist outside of normal life. Aristotle points down, teaching that these forms or universals exist within particular objects. Both gave important views on the basis of existence. Both embraced the interrelation...